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Compare Yemen (2001) - Christmas Island (2002)

Compare Yemen (2001) z Christmas Island (2002)

 Yemen (2001)Christmas Island (2002)
 YemenChristmas Island
Administrative divisions 17 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan, 'Adan, Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al Mahrah, Al Mahwit, 'Ataq, Dhamar, Hadhramawt, Hajjah, Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Ta'izz

note:
there may be three more governorates: Al Daleh, Shabwah, and the capital city of Sana'a
none (territory of Australia)
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.21% (male 4,340,436; female 4,195,076)

15-64 years:
49.79% (male 4,598,301; female 4,402,402)

65 years and over:
3% (male 274,202; female 267,618) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products grain, fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat (mildly narcotic shrub), coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), poultry; fish NA
Airports 50 (2000 est.) 1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
37

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
9

1,524 to 2,437 m:
8

914 to 1,523 m:
13

under 914 m:
5 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
527,970 sq km

land:
527,970 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South Yemen)
total: 135 sq km


land: 135 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than twice the size of Wyoming about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background North Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918. The British, who had set up a protectorate area around the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later, the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation. The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis from the south to the north contributed to two decades of hostility between the states. The two countries were formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A southern secessionist movement in 1994 was quickly subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a delimitation of their border. Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate 43.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA births/1,000 population
Budget revenues:
$3 billion

expenditures:
$3.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital Sanaa The Settlement
Climate mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Coastline 1,906 km 80 km
Constitution 16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001 NA
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Yemen

conventional short form:
Yemen

local long form:
Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah

local short form:
Al Yaman
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island


conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency Yemeni rial (YER) Australian dollar (AUD)
Death rate 9.58 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external $4.4 billion (2000) $NA
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Barbara K. BODINE

embassy:
Dhahar Himyar Zone, Sheraton Hotel District, Sanaa

mailing address:
P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa

telephone:
[967] (1) 303-161

FAX:
[967] (1) 303-182
none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Abd al-Wahhab Abdallah al-HAJRI

chancery:
Suite 705, 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037

telephone:
[1] (202) 965-4760

FAX:
[1] (202) 337-2017
none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international a June 2000 treaty delimited the boundary with Saudi Arabia, but final demarcation requires adjustments based on tribal considerations none
Economic aid - recipient $176.1 million (1995) $NA
Economy - overview Yemen, one of the poorest countries in the Arab world, reported strong growth in the mid-1990s with the onset of oil production, but was harmed by low oil prices in 1998. Yemen has embarked on an IMF-supported structural adjustment program designed to modernize and streamline the economy, which has led to foreign debt relief and restructuring. Aided by higher oil prices in 1999-2000, Yemen worked to maintain tight control over spending and implement additional components of the IMF program. A high population growth rate of nearly 3.4% and internal political dissension complicate the government's task. Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, slated to begin operation in 2003.
Electricity - consumption 2.232 billion kWh (1999) NA kWh
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 2.4 billion kWh (1999) NA kWh
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Arabian Sea 0 m

highest point:
Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues very limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Nuclear Test Ban
-
Ethnic groups predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%


note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates Yemeni rials per US dollar - 164.590 (October 2000), 160.683 (2000), 155.718 (1999), 135.882 (1998), 129.281 (1997), 94.157 (1996) Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Field Marshall Ali Abdallah SALIH (since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen, assumed office upon the merger of North and South Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI (since 3 October 1994)

head of government:
Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir BA JAMAL (since 4 April 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister

elections:
president elected by direct, popular vote for a five-year term (a new constitution amendment extends the term by two years to a seven-year term); election last held 23 September 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); vice president appointed by the president; prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president

election results:
Ali Abdallah SALIH elected president; percent of vote: Ali Abdallah SALIH 96.3%, Najeeb Qahtan AL-SHAABI 3.7%
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general


head of government: Administrator William Leonard TAYLOR (since 4 February 1999)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $NA
Exports - commodities crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish phosphate
Exports - partners Thailand 34%, China 26%, South Korea 14%, Japan 3% (1999) Australia, NZ
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory
GDP purchasing power parity - $14.4 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
20%

industry:
42%

services:
38% (1998)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $820 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $NA
GDP - real growth rate 6% (2000 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 48 00 E 10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note strategic location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active shipping lanes located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways total:
69,263 km

paved:
9,963 km

unpaved:
59,300 km (1999)
total: 140 km (not including 100 km that is maintained by private industry)


paved: 30 km


unpaved: 110 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
30.8% (1992)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $NA
Imports - commodities food and live animals, machinery and equipment consumer goods
Imports - partners Saudi Arabia 10%, UAE 8%, US 7%, France 7%, Italy 6% (1999) principally Australia
Independence 22 May 1990, Republic of Yemen was established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]; previously North Yemen had become independent on NA November 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK) none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries crude oil production and petroleum refining; small-scale production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products factory; cement tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate 68.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10% (2000 est.) NA%
International organization participation ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 5,674 sq km (1999) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force NA NA
Labor force - by occupation most people are employed in agriculture and herding; services, construction, industry, and commerce account for less than one-fourth of the labor force tourism 400 people, mining 100 people (1995)
Land boundaries total:
1,746 km

border countries:
Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
33.5%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
46.5% (1999)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law, and local tribal customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch a new constitutional amendment ratified on 20 February 2001 created a bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the president) and a House of Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 April 1997 (next to be held 27 April 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - GPC 189, Islah 52, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Baath Party 2, independents 54, election pending 1; latest seats by party: GPC 223, Islah 64, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Baath Party 2, YSP 2, independents 7
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve one-year terms)


elections: last held NA December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2002)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth total population:
60.21 years

male:
58.45 years

female:
62.05 years (2001 est.)
total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
38%

male:
53%

female:
26% (1990 est.)
NA
Location Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references Middle East Southeast Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone: 12 NM


exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 15,075 GRT/23,562 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1, petroleum tanker 3 (2000 est.)
none (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Army, Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential Guards, paramilitary (includes Police) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $414 million (FY99) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 7.6% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
4,103,093 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
2,303,257 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 14 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
238,690 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Unification Day, 22 May (1990) NA
Nationality noun:
Yemeni(s)

adjective:
Yemeni
noun: Christmas Islander(s)


adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards sandstorms and dust storms in summer the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in west phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Pipelines crude oil 644 km; petroleum products 32 km -
Political parties and leaders there are over 12 political parties active in Yemen, some of the more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC [President Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; National Arab Socialist Baath Party [Dr. Qassim SALAAM]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malik al-MAKHLAFI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]

note:
President SALIH's General People's Congress or GPC won a landslide victory in the April 1997 legislative election and no longer governs in coalition with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties had been in coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the YSP, a loyal opposition party, boycotted the April 1997 legislative election, but announced that it would participate in Yemen's first local elections to be held in February 2001; these local elections aim to decentralize political power and are a key element of the government's political reform program
none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 18,078,035 (July 2001 est.) 474 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 19% (1992 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 3.38% (2001 est.) -9% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Aden, Al Hudaydah, Al Mukalla, As Salif, Mocha, Nishtun Flying Fish Cove
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 1, shortwave 2 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 1.05 million (1997) 1,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km 24 km to serve phosphate mines
Religions Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.02 male(s)/female

total population:
1.04 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
NA
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network

domestic:
the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM cellular mobile telephone systems

international:
satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti
general assessment: service provided by the Australian network


domestic: only analog mobile telephone service is available


international: satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use 291,359 (1999) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 32,042 (2000) NA
Television broadcast stations 7 (plus several low-power repeaters) (1997) NA
Terrain narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate 6.97 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate 30% (1995 est.) NA%
Waterways none none
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